FUNGOVANIE RODINY S DIEŤAŤOM SO ŠPECIFICKÝMI POTREBAMI V DOBE PANDÉMIE COVID-19 / FUNCTIONING OF A FAMILY WITH A CHILD WITH SPECIAL NEEDS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Keywords:
DIEŤA SO ŠPECIFICKÝMI POTREBAMI, RODINA, ŠTÝL RODINNÉHO FUNGOVANIA, COVID-19, A CHILD WITH SPECIAL NEEDS , THE FAMILY, FAMILY FUNCTIONING STYLEAbstract
Abstrakt
Pandémia COVID-19 ale aj s ňou súvisiace protipandemické opatrenia ovplyvnili denný život celej spoločnosti. Zvlášť veľký dopad mala na rodiny starajúce sa o dieťa so špecifickými potrebami, na ich kvalitu života, rodinné fungovanie a pod. Cieľom výskumu bolo zistiť, aký bol štýl fungovania rodín s dieťaťom so špecifickými potrebami v období pandémie COVID-19. Na zber dát bola využitá batéria dvoch dotazníkov – Family Functioning Style Scale, ktorého autormi sú Deal, Trivett, and Dunst a dotazník vlastnej konštrukcie zameraný na zisťovanie demografických ukazovateľov. Výskumný súbor bol tvorený rodičmi, ktorí sa osobne starajú o dieťa so špecifickými potrebami (n = 366). Analýza výsledkov preukázala, že medzi faktory, ktoré najviac ovplyvnili štýl rodinného fungovania patrí najmä kraj, v ktorom rodina žije a druh postihnutia dieťaťa. Najsilnejšie zdroje a možnosti rodiny vnímajú rodičia žijúci v bratislavskom kraji a naopak najslabšie rodiny žijúce v prešovskom kraji. Z hľadiska diagnózy dieťaťa najmenej vnímali zdroje a možnosti rodiny rodičia starajúci sa o dieťa sluchovým postihnutím a najsilnejšie ich vnímali rodiny, kde sa k postihnutiu dieťaťa pridružujú tiež ďalšie chronické ochorenia a diagnózy. Poznať spôsob a špecifiká fungovania a zmeny, ktoré priniesla pandémia je predpokladom pre nastavenie práce s rodinou, ktorá odráža jej potreby a umožňuje rodine poskytnúť dieťaťu optimálnu starostlivosť.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic but also the associated anti-pandemic measures affected the daily life of the whole society. It had a particularly great impact on families caring for a child with special needs, on their quality of life, family functioning, etc. The aim of the survey was to find out how the style of functioning of families with a child with special needs was during the COVID-19 pandemic. A battery of two questionnaires was used for data collection - the Family Functioning Style Scale, the authors of which are Deal, Trivett, and Dunst, and a self-designed questionnaire aimed at determining demographic indicators. The research group consisted of parents who personally care for a child with special needs (n = 366). The analysis of the results showed that the factors that most influenced the style of family functioning include, in particular, the region in which the family lives and the type of disability of the child. The strongest resources and possibilities of the family are perceived by parents living in the Bratislava region and, conversely, by the weakest families living in the Prešov region. In terms of the child's diagnosis, the resources and possibilities of the family were perceived least by parents caring for the child with hearing impairment, and most strongly perceived by families, where other chronic diseases and diagnoses are also associated with the child's disability. Knowing the way and specifics of functioning and changes brought by the pandemic is a prerequisite for setting up work with the family, which reflects its needs and allows the family to provide optimal care for the child.
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